Motor system with direct transmission



JINI@ 19, E923.

R. ESNAULT-PELTERIE MOTOR SYSTEM WITH DIRECT TRANSMISSION Filed July l,1918 -4 Sheets--SheeIl l 6km SM1/Q june I9, i923,

R. ESNAULT-PELTERHE MOTOR SYSTEM WITH DIRECT TRANSMISSION F'ileql Julyl, 1918 4 Sheets-,Sheet 2 @Anfall/1( June l, H923.

R. ESNAULT-PELTERE MOTOR SYSTEM WITH DIRECT TRANSMISSION Filed July l,1918 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 June 1% B923.,

gfll@ R. EsNAULT-PELTERHE MOTOR SYSTEM WITH DIRECT TRANSMISSION 1918 4Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed July 1,

ima-tentati sinne EF,

TATES PATENT OFFICE.

BDBEBT ESNULT-PELTERIE, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

MGTOE SYSTEM WITH DIRECT TRANSMISSION.

Application med. July 1l, 1918. Serial No. 242,856.

To all whom t may concern.' Way of example and will apply more par- Beit known that l, Forum EsNaUl/rticularly to aviation because of itsgreat PEL'rsnii, a citizen of the Republic of lightness; the movingparts which receive France, residing in Paris, France, have in- 'thepower of the explosions are two in num- 55 5 vented certain new andusefui lmproveber the piston a, and the cylinder b.

ments in Motor Systems With Direct Trans- 'he said piston and cylindermove in the missions, of which the following is a specifiinterior of afixed cylinder c and in opposite cation. directions respectively.

The present invention has for its object a The whole of the piston andthe two cyl- 6o 1o motor system operated by gaseous liquid. or indersiix the limits of four chambers, two pulverulent fuel with directtransmission of which (di, d) serve for compression and of the power bycompressed liquids or elecexpansion and the other two (e, e) serve totricity in which the power is directly redraw in the fresh gases andforce them at ceived from the piston or cylinder, which each stroke intothe said chambers at d. e5 pistons yare movable by a liquid in the lirstThe motor is thus a two stroke cycle and case, or a movable magneticcircuit suitably double acting one both as regards the piston arrangedin the second case. and the movable cylinder.

The accompanying drawings 1n conjunc- To ensure that the two movingparts may tion with the description hereafter will pernot, after theirmovements present any tend- 70 mit the invention to be fully understood.ency to go more to one side than the other.

Figures 1 and 1* considered together, show in the interior of the fixedcylinder c, and a constructional form of the motor along that one of theends of the movable cylinder two half sectionsiassing through its axis bshall not thus fracture the corresponding and on the lines -X and O-Y ofFigend ofthe fixed cylinder c, Belleville springs 75 me 3. or washers f,f', f2 are arranged so as to each Figures 2 and 2, considered together,receive said movable parts when they show, on a larger scale, the righthand upper happen to exceed their normal maximum part of Figure l,stroke.

Figures 3, t and 5 are three transverse sec- The working of the motortakes place for se 3o `tions passing respectively through A-A, each ofthe ends in the following manner, B-B and C--C or" Figure l. The movablewhich will be described for the right hand cylinder and the piston aresupposed to be end only (see Figure la) comprising the at the middle oftheir stroke. v chambers d and e.

Fig. da is a view similar to Fig. 4, the sec- The movable cylinder b asit moves away as es tion being on the line D, D Fig. l. from the bottomof the fixed cylinder c Figure 6 shows an igniting device. draws in aircharged with fuel coming from Figures 7, 8 and 9 show respectively anthe carburetter or the mixer g. This air end elevation, a sideelevation, and a plan enters into the cavity e through light autoview ofthe starting arrangement for the matic valves or better, by raisinglight ce ao motor according to three rectangular prospring tongues iwhich form valves, and are jections. arranged preferably radially aroundthe Figure l() is an explanatory view of the axis of the motor, as isshown in Figures working of this arrangement. 1 and 5.

Figure 11 is a section of an air vessel de- The outer free ends of thesetongues h 95 signed to control the feed of the. energy have their liftlimited by a small collar transmitting liquid. which serves as anabutment or stop for Figure 12 indicates by way of example a them.movable magnetic circuit for the case of When the movable cylinder b hasreached electrical transmission. the end of its suction stroke, the saidvalves 10g The constructional form shown in Figures or tongues h closeautomatically and the l l, l, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4B and 5 has been selected byvolume of gas contained in the space e um dergoes, during the return, asli ht compression. At the moment when the ouble movement of the istonand the cylinder which move away rom each other uncovers. the exhaustports z, the pressure which existed in the space d owin to the precedlngexplosion, falls abrupt y and the carburetted g'ases, slightlycompressed in the space e' lift the valves y', enter the space d anddrive out in front of them the burnt and expanded gases still remainingin this latter.

When the piston and the cylinder have arrived at the point where theyare .farthest apart and then return in the other dlrection, the inertiaof the valves j causes them to close at once and a fresh suctlon 1sproduced in the space e. Compression commences in the space d at themoment-when the movement of the piston a and the cylinder b towards eachother causes the closing of the exhaust ports z'.

r[he hydraulic pumps which eiifect the transformation of the energyreceived by the moving parts are constituted by the fixed cylinders 7c',k2, k3, la, lc, c, la7 and lc?, two of which (k and k2) are visible inlongitudinal section in Figure 1, and four (c, las, lc and k7) in crosssection in Figure 4. The others k2, lo", lo and las are shown 1n crosssection in Fig. 4a.

The pistons Z', Z2, Z3 and l* are carried along directly by the piston aand four other pistons Z5, Z", l' and Z8 by the movable cyl1nder b.These pistons are attached together in pairs, Z and Z2, l and Z2 Z5 andl and Z7' and la, each of these pairs actlng in the opposite directionby its two ends.

According to the visible arrangement 1n Figures 1, 3, 4 and 4, it willbe understood that on the movement of these moving parts, two pumppistons located diametricallyopposite each other with respect to theaxis of the said motor l', and Z3 for example or l5 and l" always workat the same time. It is necessary that the forces which they develop beequal so as not to cause any jamming of the moving parts.

To this end the two pumps of the pistons attached to the same movingpart and located on the same side, such as Z and Z3 for example, have asuction valve m and a compression valve n in common so that the pressurecannot in any case be unequal in thetwo corresponding pump barrels.

In Figures 1 and 1n (showing only the pump barrels k' and k2) there canbe seen in c, the piston of which is at the end of its suction stroke,the opening o which causes the cylinder 7c to communicate freely withits corresponding cylinder lo visible in section in Figure 4.

In order to avoid lateral strains,`each pair of pistons carries at itscentre a small collar which engages between the nglers of the 0668s g',g, Q, g* on one 0f t e moving parts and are carried along by the aid ofthese fingers, and yet have a slight amount of transverse play whichallows them to centre themselves exactly in the liners of the hydraulicpumps, while yet allowing for the necessary play for working and whichexists on the one hand between the piston a and the cylinder b and ontheother hand between the cylinder b and the cylinder c.

The four suctions of the four pairs of pumps are connected together aswell as their four force mains, and the two single pipes which thusresult may supply a hydraulic motor of any type serving as a receiver ofenergy.

The explosion motor, which forms the subject matter of this invention,is considerably different from motors of the ordinary type. and can onlywork with special systems of governing and starting.

As it cannot possess in the ordinary way a iy Wheel capable of storingup kinetic energy much greater than that of an explosion, it requires tohave two instantaneous governors acting without delay from one explosionto the other.

If it be supposed in the first place that the proportion of fuel in theair is positively determined it is possible to effect an automaticgoverning of the supply of the fuel under pressure in such a way as tocause it to decrease when the stroke of the moving parts exceeds thenormal and to cause it to increase in the reverse direction.

To this end the two pump barrelslocated on the same side, the pistons ofwhich are actuated from the same moving part, say the pump barrels 7cand las for example, are connected by a passage one outlet of which isshown at o, Figure 2,so thatthey'cooperate in common with a singlecylinder 1' containing a piston s of such a kind that if this latter isleft free, it is capable by its movement of completel annulling theeffects of the movement of t e pistons l and Z".

It is advantageous that the said pistons have an area much greater thanthe sum of those of -the pistons l and la so as to have a shorter strokethan theirs.

This system has already been described in my prior French Patent No.475582 dated the 5th March, 1914, but it necessitates, in order to beapplicable to the present motor, an absolutely automatic system ofcontrol of a special kind which will now be described.

To carry out the said governing in view of the extremeposition which thepistons l and Z3 attain in their movement, the part q which carries oneof them along has at its outer part a hole the axis of which is parallelto the movement and which is traversed by a very light rod or steel wiret screw threaded at one end, which carries a nut and a lock. nut u, Fig.2.

Moenia At its other end this rod passes loosely through a hole bored inthe end of a lever w, this other end of the rod t carrying nuts and locknuts of such a kind that when the finger Q carries alone' the adjacentend of the rod t its other end carries along the end oi' the lever w.

Between the two ends of the lever w a boss or a roller a is mountedwhich in its movement forces back a piston b constantly held against thesaid boss or roller a by the oppositely acting spring c', Fig. 2.

The face of this piston bacts as the 1ston of a liquid pump the cylinderal being provided with an automatic inlet valve g and an automaticnon-return valve h1 in the usual Way.

The liquid forced up by this pumpinto the cavity 'i' drives back before1t a piston j, which serves as an abutment to the counter piston s forthe governing or the supply of the working pumps.

lt will be understood that when the moving part which carries along thepart q exceeds the limited position for which the length of the rod t isadjusted, the said part q enters into contact with the nut u at the endof the rod t, and thereby exerts a pull on the rod and sets in motionthe lever w and the piston 1Under these conditions, this piston b drivesback a quantity of liquid which is greater the more the moving partcarrying along the part g has exceeded the limited position for whichthe length of the rod t has been adjusted.

The liquid driven back by the piston b will drive back the piston 7" toan extent likewise proportioned to this excess of stroke and willdiminish to a greater extent the free stroke of the counter piston themore the moving part g has exceeded its limit of normal stroke.

It is obvious therefore that when one of the moving parts the part a forexample has exceeded this limit of normal stroke, (for example at theend of the working stroke of the pistons Z2 and Z4) it will diminish bythe same amount the free stroke of the counter piston of its own pumpswhich are on the opposite side, (Z' and Z3 according to the aboveexample). The working stroke which these latter furnish will thus beaugmented the more the preceding extreme position has been exceeded.

It is also necessary that the working shall take place equally in thereverse direction9 that is to say that when the moving part does notattain the fixed limited stroke there is automatically produced areduction of the work absorbed in the following stroke so as to avoidthe motor stopping abruptly.

To this end` the piston y" is pierced with a line hole o Fig. 2 in sucha way that when the piston s is not held against it the spring m willthrust it back slowly in the direction which corresponds to a greaterfree stroke of the piston e and consequently to a lesser checking of thestroke which immediately follows a stroke which is' too short.

It will thus be understood that under normal circumstances the strokewill adjust itself in such a way 'that each part exceeds at each strokeby a constant quantity the lim ited position in which the part Q entersinto contact with the nut u. This excess which is constant will be suchthat it will supply at each stroke to the iston j a volume equal to thevolume otp the liquid which has passed since the receding stroke throughthe passage o and has permitted the piston j' to recoil adeterminedquantity under the influence of the spring m'.

The limit of position which the moving parte attain in their movementwill therefore be slightly greater than the position of contact of thebosses g', g3 with the nuts of the rod t and the necessary adjustmentwill be easily made by the adjustable contact screws nl provided withlock nuts.

ln order that the movements of the pistons s and j' may be free, thepipe must communicate with a reservoir not shown or a space full ofliquid at a moderate pressure at least equal to that which exists in thegeneral inlet pipes to the pumps.

The ratios between the excess of stroke of the moving parts and thecorrections which have to be obtained by reason of each of them, dependnaturally on the characteristics of each type of the said motor, that isto say on its power, on the masses of the moving parts. and on theflexibility of the Belleville springs or washers f., f', f2.

The determination of these ratios does not come within the scope of theinvention. but the preceding explanations suiiice amply to enable aperson skilled in the art to easily determine, after having read them,the conditions of realization, and consequently to tix the areas and thestrokes of the pistons and j the diameter and the length oi the passageo and also the ratios of the arms of the lever 'w and the force of thespring m according to the working pressure adopted for the liquid, theviscosity of this latter, the period of the motor., etc.

It may happen that from some cause or other,- the v check produced bythe pumps working at their proper full stroke is not suilicient toabsorb all the energy produced by the explosions.

ln this case, the piston j bears constantly against the piston s and themoving parts continue nevertheless to exceed their limit position,causing the pistons b to act which are thus no longer able to drive backliquid through the passage o' in the piston jthis latter being. ashereinbeore stated constantly held-against the piston s.

It is necessary under these conditions that a positive control shoulddiminish the admission of the fuel and to this end the piston j', whenit reaches its extreme position where it strikes against the piston suncovers in the cavity z an opening p' which communicates by aconnection (partly broken away as shown in Figs. 1 and 1), with acylinder y (see Figure 1) containing a iston rf which acts upon theadmission o the fuel in the manner about to be described.

This admission is regulatedat the carburetter by means of a throttle orbutterfly valve s worked by a lever t attached to a rod u', asconventionally illustrated in Figs. 1 and 1a.

This rod is attached to the centre of a rock a-rm c' of the ends ofwhich w is connected to the lever or to the acceleration pedal near thedriver of the motor, the other end m of the rock arm being connected tothe piston 1'" above mentioned and this piston r is subjected to theaction of a spring y'.

The cylinder y which, on the one hand is adapted to receive the liquidforced forward by the piston b through the passage p and a ball or flapvalve z has on the` other hand a small exhaust opening a2 adjustable bya needle bf2-in such a way that the piston 1" acts exactly in the samemanner as the iston j but only when this latter has arrived at the endof its stroke.

In this position (piston j in extreme forward posltion uncovering p1),the rods t and the levers w act through the medium of the pistons b andr no longer to increase the supply of the liquid which remains at itsmaximum, but upon the admission of the fuel, reducing said admission offuel up to the moment when the moving parts (piston a and parts q1 andq2 for example) only exceed the limit position by an amount such thatthe piston b supplies at each stroke an amount of liquid equal to thatwhich has fiowed since the preceding stroke through the openings o' anda2 under the action of the springs m and y which thrust back the pistonsj and r.

It will be understood for the rest that if, in certain cases, it wasdesirable to make the hydraulic pumps alwa s act with the full contentsof their cyln ers but at a Variable pressure, it would suiiice to doaway with the counter piston s as well as the abutment iston y" and tocause the feed of the piston to constantly' act on the piston r throughthe passage p.

It may also happen that this arrangement gets out of order; it cannotfurthermore act at the first starting of the motor when the pump barrelsand the pipes are still filled with air.

It is necessary therefore to prevent the ressure of the explosions fromaugmenting` lndefinitely one or the other..

To this end, each face of the piston a is provided with a safety valve c4suitably accelerations and the pressure exerted at each instant by thegases upon each end of the explosion chambers is constantly directedtowards these ends.

It is thus possible to cover the working faces of the piston and movablecylinder with casin s which retain the heat without any fear o thesebecoming detached by' inertia as is unavoidable in motors of theordinary types.

As a matter of fact these latter at the moment when the piston passes tothe end of its upper stroke, the acceleration of the variation of speedreferred to the square centimetre may be greater than the pressure ofthe gases of the explosion (it is effectively so in automobile andaviation motors which rotate very rapidly) whileJ in the present motorthe movlng parts obey exclusively the pressure of the gases. Similarcasings are therefore in the present motor pressed against the facewhich they are to protect sometimes by inertia, sometimes by thepressure of the gases, and it is the application of casings which retainthe heat under such conditions which'is considered as one of the partsof the invention.

The present motor is designed to act normally! by self ignition havingregard to the considerable expansion which may be therein utilized.

In any case, it is necessary, in order that it shall attain the standardof self ignition that it be arranged so as to be able during severalstrokes to act by electric ignition.

To this end the end of each cylinder is traversed at its centre by aninsulated rod d fixed to the end of the movable cylinder b after themanner of the internal fitting of a spark plug. It is prolonged outwardsand traverses the end of the fixed cylinder c through a joint which isboth gas tight and a non-conductor of electricity. This joint is formedby a socket of insulating material e2 in which is seated a brush ofcarbon f3 constantly and lightly held against the rod d2 by' a lightspring, which is electrically connected by the wire Q (see Figures 1`and 6) to the secondary wlnding of a s arking coil g2 (see Figure 6) theother po e of which is grounded. v It is necessary for the present motorto have a sparking coil for each end and the Way in' which they areconnected to their interrupter is shown in Figure 6.

rllhe primary and secondary windings of the two coils are connected tothe same end of a battery of accumulators r2 of which the other isgrounded.

rllhe other end of each of the prima-ry windings returns to theplatinized screw if? of its own interruptor i2 which itself 1s grounded.

A. condenser is mounted in shunt on each interruptor, in the ordinaryway' but is not shown in any of the gures for the purpose of notuselessly complicating them.

Each free end of the two secondary windings is taken respectively-to acontact brush f3 on the corresponding side.

To work the interrupters of these coils, a boss g8 on one of the movingparts (the cylinder b for example) carries a tappet y2 and theinterrupters are placed in such a way that in the vicinity of eachextreme position of the part carrying the boss Q3., the tappet f2strikes the tail of one oi2 the interrupters 2 thus producing therupture oi the primary circuit in the coil on the corresponding side andcausing ignition on this side.

To adj ust the starting to the ignition, while yet preserving thesymmetry of 'the working, each of interrupters is mounted on a smallcarriage m2 sliding parallel with the axis ot the motor, Jfor example ina dove-tail groove.

The carriages are drawn along longitudinally by a screw 'n2 withinverted right and left handed) threads9 the nut of which strucklengthways is operated by the lever o2 in such a. way that theinterrupters move constantly in opposite directions in equal quantitieswhen theI lever o2 is acted upon.

lt is obvious that explanations so minute are only given here in orderto maire the in vention properly understood, which includes the numerousvariations in construction applied to the said motor and which anyoneskilled in the art can devise from an inspection of this very detaileddescription.

lt has been hereinbefore stated that it was necessary to eiiect severalelectric ignitions to set the present motor going, but it is alsonecessary to cause it to make5 at first, a certain number of strokes inorder to fill it with combustible gas.

One means of producing these preparatory strokes will now be describedhy way of example, it being supposed that the startinis ed'ected byhand.

uring this operation of filling the ignition will have to be cut od' toavoid any return of the crank; a spark will therefore have to beproduced at the very moment when the moving parts are left tothemselves.

The system which permits these desiderata to be simultaneously carriedout consists in arranging upon the side of the motor a light tothe rodc2 and this latter, in its turn, causes the rod e3 to move through themedium of a reversing lever t2.

rl`he frame c3 is mounted upon a tube y2 which may slide longitudinallyinside a. bearing z2 the axis ot which is perpendicular (at rightangles) to that of the motor.

lit will thus be seen that the two clutches :r2 and .frs each surroundone or the bosses g2 and g4 ot the moving parte ai, hs and communicatetheir alternate and inverse movements to them with stroke equal to twicethe radius of the crank @Si if this cra-nir e2 be attached to the handcrank as, it is plain that when the clutches :e2 and ma are inengagement with the bosses q2 and gt, the movement imparted to the crankwill communicate to the two moving parts a, simultaneous movement inopposite directionsn 'lro releasethe said moving parts o? t, at thedesired moment the motor-starting paratus is arranged as will now bedescrihed.7

A powerful spring t3 constantly to separate both the trame c3 and therods e2 and e3 of the motor in such a way that it this spring ha were itwould prevent the clutches $92 and 92S gripping the hosses g2 and g inorder to compel the rc2 and a@ to grip the bosses g2 and g1', `forkedlever da allows the resistance of the spring to he overcome and theclutches to loe thrown into operation.

By turning the cranlr c5 which drives a cam f4 through the medium of theendless screw e3 or the like, it is then possible to cause this cam f4to turn through an angle such that it attains the position shown inFigure 10. lit the lever alghe released at this moment the crank as cancontinue to he turned working the two moving parts ai and b without theclutches and :r3 escaping from the bosses g2 and In this position9 thetwo coils are short circuited upon each other by the closing of? thecontact g"z which is mounted in shunt on the interruptors '2 of Figure6, through the medium of the wires ha, ht (see Figures 6 and 9).

After a determined number of revolutions of the crank a3,- the cam f*will assume the position of Figure 7, in such a way that it willlet thetappet ms slip abruptly (see the dotted position in Figure 10) and thespring b3 proceeds no less abruptly to draw back the movable frame c3thus freeing the bosses q2 and g* and the moving parts a and b.

The apparatus must be regulated in such a way that this release. isproduced in one of the end stroke positions.

It-is obvious that when the frame cs carrying the two tubes .s2 and s3can return bac wards and at the precise moment when the clutches m2 m3are just escaping from the bosses g2 and g* and the rod s will strikelagainst the insulating stud js of the contact g"l thus cutting offinstantaneously the primary current of one of the coils if one of theinterruptors is open at this instant.

The mterruptors must therefore be regulated in such a way that at themoment in which the starting apparatus liberates the moving parts andcuts the contact ga the interruptor corresponding to the side where thecompression takes place is already open to produce the first spark forignition and permit the motor to start instantaneously.

The hydraulic force pumps, which act alternately, deliver the liquidunderl a variable feed which it is necessary to regulate.

To this end, the combined force pipes N` of the pumps lvl-lcs leading tothe motor are connected with an air vessel, but this is constituted in apeculiar Way as shown in Figure 11.

The liquid which enters the air vessell lifts a piston n, the upper partof which forms a packing flange oa and the lower part of which slides inthe cylindrical part p3 of the vessel 1'.

In this way'it is possible at the time'of a first filling to cause a gasunder high pres-v sure to enter the .vessel through the open- 1n s hisgas lifts the piston 'n.8 and enters the vessel with all its force.

When during operation of the hydraulic force pumpsv the liquid gains apressure greater than that of the gas previously introduced into the airvessel, the liquid will enter by the lower opening us 0f the vessel, andcompress the gas in the upper partby first raising the piston n3 andcontinuing to rise until the gas imprisoned' has attained the pressureof the liquid.

Wien the motor stops or for any other cause the pressure in the forcepipes drops back the elasticity of the gas will bring back the pistontowards the bottom, the edge os making a snug joint starting from themoment when it re-enters the cylindrical part p and prevents the liquidand the gas which surround it from escaping downwards.

In order that the liquid contained below the piston may not be able toflow, the said piston n3 in descending presses against the upper edge ofthe opening t, a spring (w3) pressed valve v4 in such a way that itcloses the opening.

In this way the air vessel once it has been charged and put into use,may be preserved an extremely long time without losing its li%id and itsgas under pressure.

he motor ought, in the ordinary way, to be cooled, for example by meansof a water circulation.

As however there is a very peculiar mode of working, there is no meansof applying to 1t any ordinary system of pump operation.

The system of operation which is described here rconsists in arrangingon one of the bosses which drives the pump pistons (in the precedingcase the boss q') a tappet b which, in its movement strikes against therock arm c4 and communicate to it at each impact an oscillatoryvmovement about its axis d.

The lever c* is constantly drawn back to its orilginal position Ib thespring e4.

' t will be seen t at it is thus possible to drive round by successivemovements of the lever c* a ratchet wheel g.

It is preferable that in the movement resulting from the impact of thetappet b* against the lever c* the pawl passes from one tooth totheother of the ratchet g* and the driving of this latter only takes placeduring the return of the lever under the impulse of the spring e.

If the arrangement were mounted in the reverse direction, it mightproduce breakages therein..A

It is obvious that the system of ratchet described may be advantageouslyreplaced by other equivalent arrangements.

To further diminish the strokes in the driving of the pumps, the ratchetwheel g* is not connected directly to the axis thereof but is connectedby means of a spiral spring z" Fig. 3 the flexibility of which must besufficient to ensure the shaft j* of the pumps not having too varied amovement.

It is also advantageous that the pumps be arranged as in the drawingwhere those which serve for lubrication (m), are supposed to be gearwheel pumps and that which serves for cooling a centrifugal pump.

This latter is mounted with a suliiciently high multiplying gear withrespect to the shaft j* by means of a train of gears 0*, forms aflywheel and thus facilitates the regularity of rotation of the shaft j.

.In order to ensure the cooling of the piston a the spring f imprisonsbetween each of its ends and the corresponding seats of its support astwo plates of sheet metal y the object of which is to obstruct as muchas possible the internal area ofthe piston a.

In this way this latter produces by its movement an active ventilationby suction which it he magnetic core ot this movable.,

coil is magnetically s mmetrical at cach end and is driven by t e bossq' by means of a non-magnetic rod a,

lt thus happens that when the coil p4 is in its mean position thelmagnetic dux roduces traverses entirely the coil r4, while when it isoutside, this latter coil is not traversed by any dun. lt results 'tillherefrom that the movement of 'thecoil pt traversed by a continuouscurrent, induces in the coil r4 an alternating electro-motive force oi aperiod equal .that of the motor.

lit it be preferred that the p eriod be equal to that ci the motor, itwill sutce that the two extreme positions of the coil ,et instead otbeing both outside the coil rt are one outside and the other inside thesame plane of the said coil. 1 I

To supply the current to the induction coil one or its ends may beelectrically connected to the rod 'at while the other is connected to aninsulated rod om which receives the current from a suitable rubber tot.

To produce under these circumstances the regulation of the motor itsudices to preserve the part et the arrangement or" Figure 2, formed bythe rod the roel? .arm w the piston t and the piston j by simplyconnecting the admission ball y to a liquid supply pipe.

'Under these conditions it sudices that the piston j has an extensionentendingroutwards, which acts upon a rheostat oi such a kind that themore the piston l; pushes the piston j at the end of its stroke the morethisrheostat will reduce the resistance and the more the coil pt will betraversed by an intense current, developing thus in the coil r4 inducedcurrents likewise very intense absorbing more power and putting a biggerbrake upon the motor.

ln proportion as the piston j? returns back by the same process whichhas been described the braking will diminish and it is possible todispose the rheostat in such a way that at the moment when the piston jis brought bach to its other end of the stroke by the spring m thereshall be a total cutting od' of the inducing current which traverses r4.

It is obvious that if it be desired to economize the inducing current,the rheostat may be replaced by a suitable coupling apparatus, the coilp* being then divided into a suitable number of sections connected atthe outside by as many rods like c as there are sections.

l claiml. ln a prime mover the combination of a fixed cylinder, areciprocable cylinder in said fixed cylinder, said reciprocable cylinderbeing headed at both ends, a piston in said reciprocable cylinder,valves in both ends of the reciprocab-le cylinder to provide for theadmission of explosive charges be- "tween said piston and the oppositeheads of said reciprocable cylinder in alternation, and means to explodecharges at the opposite ends of said iston in alternation whereby thepiston and reciprocable cylinder are alternately driven in oppositedireactions'.

2. ln a prime mover the combination of a ned cylinder, a reciprocablecylinder in said fixed cylinder, said reciprocable cylinder beingheadedat both ends, a movable piston in said reciprocable cylinder, valves inboth ends of said reciprocable cylinder, the movement of thereciprocable cylinder in either direction causing the introduction of anexplosive charge between one of the heads ot the reciprocable cylinderand the adjacent head oi the fixed cylinder, and the movement ot' thereciprocable' cylinder in the opposite direction causing said valves topermit the admission oi said charge into the interior oi thereciprocable cylinder.

3. ln a prime mover, the combination of a dried cylinder, movableactuating elements in said cylinder, pumps, pistons in the pumps connecdto the actuating elements, counter-pistons `forming pump heads or eachof the pumps and means operated b said actuating elements to regulatethe position ot said heads to vary the quantity of iiuid delivered bythe pumps.

d. ln a prime mover, the combination of a c linder, movable actuatingelements in sai cylinder, pumps, pistons in the pumps directly connectedto the actuating elements, counter-pistons, and'fluid means operated bythe actuating elements when the latter have exceeded their normal stroketo regulate the position of the counter-pistons so that the quantity ofliquid delivered by the pumps is adjusted.

ln a prime mover, the combination ot a iixed cylinder, a reciprocablecylinder in said hired cylinder, a movable piston having a Ventilatinglopening in said reciprocable cylinder, a support carr ing a springsecured to the fixed cylindhr and projectin into the piston, the supportCreatin a dra t through the Ventilating opening o the piston when thelatter is moved.

6. ln a prime mover, the combination of a fixed cylinder, a reciprocablecylinder in said fixed cylinder, a piston having a ventilating opeumg insaid reciprocable cylinder, a tubular support having open ends, platesclosing the openings -of said ends, and a spring in said support tomaintain the plates in position, the plates being adapted to limit themovement of said piston, the support being substantially co-extensivewith the interior of said piston, whereby a draft through saidVentilating opening is created when the piston is in motion.

7. In a prime mover the combination of actuatin elements, the strokes ofsaid elements being variable to suit different conditions of powertransmission, pumps connected to the actuating elements, secondary pumpsco-operating with each of said pumps and operating means between thesecondary pumps and the actuating elements to regulate the quantity offluid delivered by sald pumps in accordance with the deviation of thestroke of the actuating elements from the normal.

8. In a starting device for prime movers of the character described, thecombination of members secured to the reciprocating` parts of the primemover, elements adapted to engage said members, the elements beingnormally out of engagement with said members, a manually operablerotatable actuating member, and means actuated by said actuatingmemberto cause said elements and members to en a e and impart motion to themembers o the prime-mover in lopposite directions when the manuallyoperable actuatin member has been rotated a predetermine number oftimes.

9. In a starting device for prime movers of the character described, thecombination of members secured to the reciprocating parts of a primemover, elements adapted to en sli a in such position that the elementsand members are disengaged, a manually operable rotatable member andmeans actuated by said manually operable member to cause said elementsand members to engage and to impart motion to the members of the primemover in opposite directions, when the manually operable actuatin memberhas been rotated a predetermine number of times.

In witness whereof, 'I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

' `RoBERT EsNAULT-PELTERIE.

Witnesses CHAS. P. PnEssLY, HENRI CARTIER.

ge said members, the elements beingly mounted and resiliently maintained

